How do I book an appointment to chat with a doctor?

At MFine , we have experienced doctors across cardiology , gynaecology , diabetology , dermatology , and 22 more specialties! To talk to a doctor online, you have to select a specialty, choose a doctor, and enter your details to consult with them online. The doctor will connect with you and will recommend lab tests , health check ups , or medicines based on your health condition. A doctor’s qualification, experience, and records are taken into account before being credentialed with MFine to give medical advice to our patients.

Will my live chat with a doctor remain private?

The privacy of our users is our first priority. We, at MFine, understand that privacy of data is a fundamental human right. Your medical history and discussions with your doctor will be stored in our safe and secure database. This information will strictly remain confidential.

The online doctor prescribed tests. What do I do now?

When you are chatting with a doctor online, they may prescribe certain lab tests online or a simple blood test at home that help diagnose your symptoms with better accuracy. You can check out MFine’s comprehensive health packages for easy health check up at home. Once you book an online lab test, a trained lab technician will arrive at your doorstep to collect the required samples. We follow the highest safety and hygiene standards for sample collection. You can book a test for yourself or your loved ones on our site or with our MFine app

What are the types of online health check up at home offered by MFine?

MFine offers full body health checkups , condition-based health packages and lifestyle-based health packages. Our condition-based health packages assess the health of a particular organ or condition like thyroid , diabetes , liver function and kidney function . In addition to these, we perform tests for lifestyle-related issues, like stress assessments , alcohol risk assessments , smoker’s risk assessments , and allergy tests , vitamin profiles , and obesity risk tests .

What are the safety measures taken while performing a health check up at home?

With safety and social distancing being our top most priority during this global pandemic, MFine has taken up all the safety measures needed to fight the spread of the deadly virus. The medical professional who will visit your home to collect your sample will be checked for symptoms and will be in protective gear including gloves and masks. The containers used for the samples will also be thoroughly sanitised on a regular basis.

Is it safe to order medicines online?

As we head into a digital world during the pandemic, buying medicines online has become very beneficial. Our online medicine website follows a transparent approach to inform our users the authenticity of our medicines. To get your medicines delivered at your doorstep, fill in your contact details and upload your doctor’s prescription. We will share the price and delivery details and you can make the payment as cash on delivery in selected locations. You also have a saved record of your medicines to keep track of your purchases. Our online medicine delivery system has also made it more accessible to get medicines online with ease.

Does MFine offer COVID-19 lab tests online?

MFine offers COVID-19 antibody tests to ensure maximum preparedness for the ongoing pandemic. You can also check out the difference between an antibody test and a COVID 19 test to understand the results. Furthermore, you can track outbreaks and the number of cases in your locality and city with our MFine radar tool. This will enable you to remain more informed and practice social distancing safer. If you experience any symptoms, you can use our COVID-19 risk assessment tool which analyses your symptoms and history to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the next steps to be taken. And, if you require a COVID19 IgG + Ig total antibody test , we offer this health check up at home as well.

Is fasting required before sample collection?

No, fasting is not required. You can take the test at any time.

Disclaimer – mfine

User Agreement

DISCLAIMER

Self Assessments

(These are AI based assessments and strictly not to be considered as medical advice. These are intended for awareness and educational purposes. Please consult a Doctor for medical advice.)

Skincare Self Assessment

References

Pluetrattanabha N, Kulthanan K, Nuchkull P, Varothai S. The pH of skin cleansers for acne. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2015;81:181-185
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Dębowska, R., Kaszuba, A., Michalak, I., Dzwigałowska, A., Cieścińska, C., Jakimiuk, E., Zielińska, J., and Kaszuba, A. (2015). Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of mandelic acid-containing cosmetic formulations for acne skin care. Dermatology Review/Przegląd Dermatologiczny, 102(4), pp.316-321.
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Smith WP. Epidermal and dermal effects of topical lactic acid. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996 Sep;35(3 Pt 1):388-91. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90602-7. PMID: 8784274.
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Smith WP. Comparative effectiveness of alpha-hydroxy acids on skin properties. Int J Cosmet Sci. 1996 Apr;18(2):75-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1996.tb00137.x. PMID: 19245467.
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Tang SC, Yang JH. Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the Skin. Molecules. 2018 Apr 10;23(4):863. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040863. PMID: 29642579; PMCID: PMC6017965.
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Nugroho WT, Sawitri S, Astindari A, Utomo B, Listiawan M Y, Ervianti E, Astari L. The efficacy of moisturisers containing ceramide compared with other moisturisers in the management of atopic dermatitis: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Indian J Dermatol 2023;68:53-8
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Coderch L, López O, de la Maza A, Parra JL. Ceramides and skin function. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(2):107-29. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200304020-00004. PMID: 12553851
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Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, Pongparit K. Moisturizers for Acne: What are their Constituents? J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014 May;7(5):36-44. PMID: 24847408; PMCID: PMC4025519.
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Purnamawati S, Indrastuti N, Danarti R, Saefudin T. The Role of Moisturizers in Addressing Various Kinds of Dermatitis: A Review. Clin Med Res. 2017 Dec;15(3-4):75-87. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2017.1363. Epub 2017 Dec 11. PMID: 29229630; PMCID: PMC5849435.
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Spada F, Barnes TM, Greive KA. Skin hydration is significantly increased by a cream formulated to mimic the skin's own natural moisturizing systems. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018 Oct 15;11:491-497. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S177697. PMID: 30410378; PMCID: PMC6197824.
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Fatima S, Braunberger T, Mohammad TF, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH. The role of sunscreen in melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Indian J Dermatol 2020;65:5-10
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Guan LL, Lim HW, Mohammad TF. Sunscreens and Photoaging: A Review of Current Literature. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021 Nov;22(6):819-828. doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00632-5. Epub 2021 Aug 13. PMID: 34387824; PMCID: PMC8361399
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Puyana C, Chandan N, Tsoukas M. Applications of bakuchiol in dermatology: Systematic review of the literature. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Dec;21(12):6636-6643. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15420. Epub 2022 Oct 31. PMID: 36176207
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Greenzaid J, Friedman A, Sodha P. The Use of Bakuchiol in Dermatology: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022 Jun 1;21(6):624-629. doi: 10.36849/JDD.6740. PMID: 35674758
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Chaudhuri RK, Bojanowski K. Bakuchiol: a retinol-like functional compound revealed by gene expression profiling and clinically proven to have anti-aging effects. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2014 Jun;36(3):221-30. doi: 10.1111/ics.12117. Epub 2014 Mar 6. PMID: 24471735
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Topical tranexamic acid as a promising treatment for melasma
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Mahmood H.S. A Comparative, Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Vehicle-Controlled Study for the Reduction in Facial Pigmentation after Treatment with both Tranexamic Acid and Tranexamic Acid Ethyl Ester. Syst. Rev. Pharm. 2020;11:563-567. [Google Scholar]
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Sarkar R, Arora P, Garg KV. Cosmeceuticals for Hyperpigmentation: What is Available? J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2013 Jan;6(1):4-11. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.110089. PMID: 23723597; PMCID: PMC3663177
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Bandyopadhyay D. Topical treatment of melasma. Indian J Dermatol 2009;54:303-9 Kanechorn Na Ayuthaya P, Niumphradit N, Manosroi A, Nakakes A. Topical 5% tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma in Asians: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2012 Jun;14(3):150-4. doi: 10.3109/14764172.2012.685478. PMID: 22506692.
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Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications
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Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Telang PS. Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013 Apr;4(2):143-6. doi: 10.4103/2229-5178.110593. PMID: 23741676; PMCID: PMC3673383.
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Effects of Topicals on the Aging Skin Process
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Topical peptides as cosmeceuticals
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Vedamurthy M. Antiaging therapies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2006 May-Jun;72(3):183-6. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.25776. PMID: 16766830.
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Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation
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Bains P, Kaur M, Kaur J, Sharma S. Nicotinamide: Mechanism of action and indications in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018;84:234-237
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Medical management of melasma: A review with consensus recommendations by Indian pigmentary expert group Rashmi Sarkar1, Narendra Gokhale2, Kiran Godse3, Pallavi Ailawadi4, Latika Arya5, Nilendu Sarma6, RG Torsekar7, VK Somani8, Pooja Arora9, Imran Majid10, G Ravichandran11, Mohan Singh12, Sanjeev Aurangabadkar13, Shehnaz Arsiwala14, Sidharth Sonthalia15, T Salim16, Swapnil Shah17
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A double-blind comparison of the efficacy of a salicylic acid based acne treatment regimen versus a benzoyl peroxide based acne treatment regimen for the treatment of acne vulgaris, Arif T. Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015 Aug 26;8:455-61. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S84765. PMID: 26347269; PMCID: PMC4554394. Rathi SK. Acne vulgaris treatment : The Current Scenario. Indian J Dermatol 2011;56:7-13
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Sethi A, Kaur T, Malhotra S K, Gambhir M L. Moisturizers: The slippery road. Indian J Dermatol 2016;61:279-87
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Draelos ZD, Diaz I, Namkoong J, Wu J, Boyd T. Efficacy Evaluation of a Topical Hyaluronic Acid Serum in Facial Photoaging. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021 Aug;11(4):1385-1394. doi: 10.1007/s13555-021-00566-0. Epub 2021 Jun 26. PMID: 34176098; PMCID: PMC8322246.
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Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012 Jul 1;4(3):253-8. doi: 10.4161/derm.21923. PMID: 23467280; PMCID: PMC3583886.
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Heart Disease Self Assessment

References

Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, Himmelfarb CD, Khera A, Lloyd-Jones D, McEvoy JW, Michos ED, Miedema MD, Muñoz D, Smith SC Jr, Virani SS, Williams KA Sr, Yeboah J, Ziaeian B. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e596-e646. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678. Epub 2019 Mar 17. Erratum in: Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e649-e650. Erratum in: Circulation. 2020 Jan 28;141(4):e60. Erratum in: Circulation. 2020 Apr 21;141(16):e774. PMID: 30879355; PMCID: PMC7734661.
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Diabetes Self Assessment

References

ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Gabbay RA, on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Suppl 1):S19-S40. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S002. Erratum in: Diabetes Care. 2023 Feb 01;: PMID: 36507649; PMCID: PMC9810477.
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Ramachandran A. Know the signs and symptoms of diabetes. Indian J Med Res. 2014 Nov;140(5):579-81. PMID: 25579136; PMCID: PMC4311308.
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Fletcher, B., Gulanick, M., & Lamendola, C. (2002). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Journal of cardiovascular nursing, 16(2), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005082-200201000-00003
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Diabetes Risk Factors, Centers for disease control and prevention
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Hypothyroidism Self Assessment

References

Chaker L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, Peeters RP. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2017 Sep 23;390(10101):1550-1562. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30703-1. Epub 2017 Mar 20. PMID: 28336049; PMCID: PMC6619426.
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Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Ntalles K. Hypothyroidism - new aspects of an old disease. Hippokratia. 2010 Apr;14(2):82-7. PMID: 20596261; PMCID: PMC2895281.
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Hypothyroidism
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Unnikrishnan AG, Menon UV. Thyroid disorders in India: An epidemiological perspective. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jul;15(Suppl 2):S78-81. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.83329. PMID: 21966658; PMCID: PMC3169866.
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Chaker L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, Peeters RP. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2017 Sep 23;390(10101):1550-1562. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30703-1. Epub 2017 Mar 20. PMID: 28336049; PMCID: PMC6619426.
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Thyroid Function Tests, American Thyroid Association.
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Hypothyroidism, American Thyroid Association.
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Covid Self Assessment

References

Alimohamadi Y, Sepandi M, Taghdir M, Hosamirudsari H. Determine the most common clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prev Med Hyg. 2020 Oct 6;61(3):E304-E312. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh4020.61.3.1530. PMID: 33150219; PMCID: PMC7595075.
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Revised Case Definition for Covid-19 (Date: 11.11.2020), National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, MoHFW, GOI, New Delhi
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SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) for investigation of a suspected COVID- 19 case using Case Investigation Form (CIF), National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, MoHFW, GOI, New Delhi
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World Health Organization. (2021). COVID-19 clinical management: living guidance, 25 January 2021. World Health Organization
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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Self Assessment

References

Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 May;13(5):269-84. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3432. Epub 2015 Apr 8. PMID: 25853778; PMCID: PMC4457377.
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Urinary Tract infection, National Kidney foundation
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Urinary Tract infection, Center for disease control and prevention
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Das P, Baker KK, Dutta A, Swain T, Sahoo S, Das BS, Panda B, Nayak A, Bara M, Bilung B, Mishra PR, Panigrahi P, Cairncross S, Torondel B. Menstrual Hygiene Practices, WASH Access and the Risk of Urogenital Infection in Women from Odisha, India. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 30;10(6):e0130777. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130777. PMID: 26125184; PMCID: PMC4488331.
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Vitamin D Self Assessment

References

Parva NR, Tadepalli S, Singh P, Qian A, Joshi R, Kandala H, Nookala VK, Cheriyath P. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in the US Population (2011-2012). Cureus. 2018 Jun 5;10(6):e2741. doi: 10.7759/cureus.2741. PMID: 30087817; PMCID: PMC6075634.
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G R, Gupta A. Vitamin D deficiency in India: prevalence, causalities and interventions. Nutrients. 2014 Feb 21;6(2):729-75. doi: 10.3390/nu6020729. PMID: 24566435; PMCID: PMC3942730.
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Rhodes, L. E., Webb, A. R., Fraser, H. I., Kift, R., Durkin, M. T., Allan, D., O'Brien, S. J., Vail, A., & Berry, J. L. (2010). Recommended summer sunlight exposure levels can produce sufficient (> or =20 ng ml(-1)) but not the proposed optimal (> or =32 ng ml(-1)) 25(OH)D levels at UK latitudes. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 130(5), 1411–1418. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.417
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Vitamin D, National Institue of Health
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Lower Back Ache Self Assessment

References

Andersson GB. Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet. 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):581-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01312-4. PMID: 10470716.
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Ganesan S, Acharya AS, Chauhan R, Acharya S. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in 1,355 Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Spine J. 2017 Aug;11(4):610-617. doi: 10.4184/asj.2017.11.4.610. Epub 2017 Aug 7. PMID: 28874980; PMCID: PMC5573856.
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Svensson HO, Andersson GB, Hagstad A, Jansson PO. The relationship of low-back pain to pregnancy and gynecologic factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1990 May;15(5):371-5. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199005000-00006. PMID: 2141952.
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Alelign T, Petros B. Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts. Adv Urol. 2018 Feb 4;2018:3068365. doi: 10.1155/2018/3068365. PMID: 29515627; PMCID: PMC5817324.
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Smith MD, Russell A, Hodges PW. How common is back pain in women with gastrointestinal problems? Clin J Pain. 2008 Mar-Apr;24(3):199-203. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31815d3601. PMID: 18287824.
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Shemshaki H, Nourian SM, Fereidan-Esfahani M, Mokhtari M, Etemadifar MR. What is the source of low back pain? J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2013 Jan;4(1):21-4. doi: 10.4103/0974-8237.121620. PMID: 24381452; PMCID: PMC3872656.
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Breast-Cancer Self Assessment

References

Malvia S, Bagadi SA, Dubey US, Saxena S. Epidemiology of breast cancer in Indian women. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug;13(4):289-295. doi: 10.1111/ajco.12661. Epub 2017 Feb 9. PMID: 28181405.
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Evans DG, Howell A. Breast cancer risk-assessment models. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(5):213. doi: 10.1186/bcr1750. PMID: 17888188; PMCID: PMC2242652.
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Gupta SK. Impact of a health education intervention program regarding breast self examination by women in a semi-urban area of Madhya Pradesh, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2009;10(6):1113-7. PMID: 20192594.
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Gajalakshmi V, Mathew A, Brennan P, Rajan B, Kanimozhi VC, Mathews A, Mathew BS, Boffetta P. Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk in India: a multicenter case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2009 Aug 1;125(3):662-5. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24429. PMID: 19452516.
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Migraine Self Assessment

References

The Migraine Disability Assessment Test
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Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition CephalalgiaVolume 38, Issue 1, January 2018, Pages 1-211 © International Headache Society 2018, Article Reuse Guidelines
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PCOD Self Assessment

References

Ndefo UA, Eaton A, Green MR. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of treatment options with a focus on pharmacological approaches. P T. 2013 Jun;38(6):336-55. PMID: 23946629; PMCID: PMC3737989.
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Vilmann, L. S., Thisted, E., Baker, J. L., & Holm, J. C. (2012). Development of obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Hormone research in paediatrics, 78(5-6), 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345310
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Health Risk Assessment

References

The American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations
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2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association - Circulation. 2021;144:e472-e487, 2 Nov 2021
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Misra, A., Chowbey, P., Makkar, B. M., Vikram, N. K., Wasir, J. S., Chadha, D., Joshi, S. R., Sadikot, S., Gupta, R., Gulati, S., Munjal, Y. P., & Concensus Group (2009). Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 57, 163-170.
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Classification of body mass index and waist circumference and risk of obesity related co- morbidities.
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Aziz N, Kallur SD, Nirmalan PK. Implications of the revised consensus body mass indices for asian indians on clinical obstetric practice. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 May;8(5):OC01-3. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8062.4212. Epub 2014 May 15. PMID: 24995216; PMCID: PMC4080037.
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The Asia - Pacific Perspective : Redefining Obesity and its treatment
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Healthy diet- WHO fact sheet on Healthy diet
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Guidelines for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - Short Form
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International physical activity questionnaire (august 2002) short last 7 days self-administered format
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(PDF) World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
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PMBooth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2012 Apr;2(2):1143-211. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110025. PMID: 23798298; PMCID: PMC4241367.
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"Lina Engelen,1,2 Joanne Gale,Who is at risk of chronic disease? Associations between risk profiles of physical activity, sitting and cardio-metabolic disease in Australian adults"
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Global recommendations on physical activity for health
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WHO Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents, adults and older adults
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The Influence of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Living to Age 85 Years Without Disease and Disability in Older Women
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Sleep Quality Scale (SQS)
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Sleep Quality: How to Determine if You're Getting Poor Sleep | Sleep Foundation
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von Ruesten, A., Weikert, C., Fietze, I., & Boeing, H. (2012). Association of sleep duration with chronic diseases in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study. PloS one, 7(1), e30972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030972
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Stress effects on the body
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Liu Q, Liu Y, Leng X, Han J, Xia F, Chen H. Impact of Chronic Stress on Attention Control: Evidence from Behavioral and Event-Related Potential Analyses. Neurosci Bull. 2020 Nov;36(11):1395-1410. doi: 10.1007/s12264-020-00549-9. Epub 2020 Sep 15. PMID: 32929635; PMCID: PMC7674527.
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Stress and sleep
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Why stress causes people to overeat - Harvard Health
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Examination Stress and its Correlation with Cardiovascular Parameters and Lipid Profile
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Rehm J. The risks associated with alcohol use and alcoholism. Alcohol Res Health. 2011;34(2):135-43. PMID: 22330211; PMCID: PMC3307043.
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What Is A Standard Drink?
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Friedrich Manz, MD , Andreas Wentz, MD, The Importance of Good Hydration for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 63, Issue suppl_1, June 2005, Pages S2-S5
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Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, Himmelfarb CD, Khera A, Lloyd-Jones D, McEvoy JW, Michos ED, Miedema MD, Muñoz D, Smith SC Jr, Virani SS, Williams KA Sr, Yeboah J, Ziaeian B. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e596-e646. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678. Epub 2019 Mar 17. Erratum in: Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e649-e650. Erratum in: Circulation. 2020 Jan 28;141(4):e60. Erratum in: Circulation. 2020 Apr 21;141(16):e774. PMID: 30879355; PMCID: PMC7734661.
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ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Gabbay RA, on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Suppl 1):S19-S40. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S002. Erratum in: Diabetes Care. 2023 Feb 01;: PMID: 36507649; PMCID: PMC9810477.
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Peter W.F. Wilson, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Metabolic Syndrome as a Precursor of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 7 Nov 2005,Circulation. 2005;112:3066-3072
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Akhuemonkhan, E., & Lazo, M. (2017). Association between family history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and lifestyle risk factors in the United States population: The 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Preventive medicine, 96, 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.015
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